media Essays - 1636 Words

nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Media Manipulation nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;There is a very subtle, yet powerful force at work on our world today. It is trying to control what woman and young girls do say and believe, especially about their own appearances. The media portrays unrealistic images that affect the way people, particularly woman, feel about themselves. And there is no way to avoid it. The media acts as a transmitter of potentially dangerous, socially desirable values and norms. Anyone can become a victim without even realizing it. Woman are told to believe distortions, inaccuracies, and bias on a daily basis. Somehow in that all the madness thinness has become synonymous with attractiveness. It is the medias job to†¦show more content†¦Commercials, billboards, and magazines now have become sly and seductive sellers tolls. The clever, catchy tunes that tell woman their bodies arent good enough get placed in the back of a womans mind never to escape. Its proof of the power of influence. According to Bakari Chavanu, author of an article in rethinkingschools.org, quot;Students today are more influenced by the popular media outside the classroom that by the textbooks and novels they are forced to read. By the time a person graduates high school they watch 22,000 hours of television, and theyve seen 350,000 commercials by the age of seventeen.quot; (www.rethinkingschools.org). They watch it all voluntarily, unable to recognize the damage being done. The images in and on TV shape the values of young people as well as adults. Sadly, these same images are part of a culture in which one out of every woman has an eating disorder, (Levinson 46) girls and younger woman increasingly have problems with low self esteem that eventually leads to dangerous behavior, (www.ed.gov. ERIC...) and where illusions are almost always shattered. Through ads and other media woman are told to believe that the average woman in the real world is white, under 40, not disabled, always heterosexual, and her body (even though absolutely beautiful) is in constant need of improvement. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Show MoreRelatedMedia, Poor, And Media845 Words   |  4 PagesIt s an interesting world we live in when comedians such as Jon Stewart are more trusted to give truthful, adequate information rather than news outlets and the media. What seems like a curious predicament is really nothing more than the creation of a monetized media, the value of a persons interest in a headline. In Media, poor ethics and sensationalism caused by greed have led to unfortunate effects such as misinformation, idolization of celebrities, and reduced credibility of news outlets asRead MoreMedia Panics981 Words   |  4 PagesA media panic or often referred to as a moral panic, is a term that describes how the media is formulating issues amongst our society. Over time, our culture has shifted and caused for many conclusions regarding media panics and the relationship between youth and the media culture. Based upon previous knowledge and course readings, I have drawn a very disturbi ng conclusion; this being that no matter what age, children are willing or non willingly now under surveillance to determine what kind ofRead MorePrint Media And Digital Media1740 Words   |  7 PagesThe print and the digital media have been in the forefront in acting as the social mirror reflecting on what goes on in the society. Thus when it is said that the print media is dead it becomes quite disturbing because traditionally it is known as the only tool that people have come to trust to deliver information in a holistic manner. Well, in the advertising world, it is assumed that the more the products are displayed in pages of magazines and newspapers; they are bound to be sold more becauseRead MoreThe Impact Of Media On New Media1313 Words   |  6 Pagesreceived information and news through paper-based media,like newspapers,magazines and books.Owing to the appearance of mobile phones and IPADs,people can look through news easily and conveniently,paper-based media need to inn ovate and reform.This assignment will present the status quo of paper-based media,it will explain the combination of new media and paper-based media,the significance of paper-based media innovation. McLuhan Marshall said that media are the basic motivation of social developmentRead MoreMedia Influence Mass Media795 Words   |  4 PagesMass Media and the Influence on America and Television By. Mozelle Jones HUMANITIES In real life, we are in Mass Media and we did not even know it. Everything from you learning to just leisure involvement. The cultural products that influence mass media and has taking part is Net Flix. It has made an impact on the movie business where television can be used to see movies and mass media. Television still has an impact on cultural meanings. It shows us the news, ads, and movies that changeRead MoreMedia And The Media Industry1465 Words   |  6 Pagesformulate a reply to your comments about media course, Television Production which I’ve chosen to study. Media courses have been taught at U.K universities for over thirty years and vary from practical to academic studies, but one thing is for sure, they have evolved over time as the media industry has changed considerably. I understand you have major reservations about my choice of course, as this isn’t traditional degree, it’s worth noting that the media industry generates  £8 million an hour inRead MoreMedia And The Global Media1417 Words   |  6 Pagesbringing about the global media order. The first of these five shifts is the increasing concentration of ownership. This means that the global media is now dominated by a small number of powerful, centralized media conglomerates. Sociological theories of the various forms of the media shows us that they can never be assumed to be politically neutral or socially beneficial. For many people the key problem is the increasing concentration of ownership of different types of media within large conglomeratesRead MoreHow Media Affects The Way Of Media Consumption2434 Words   |  10 PagesSummary The research conducts that how extent media are consumed by the contemporary immigrants, who is from East Asia, in London and how they perceive their nation’s news, Britain’s news and International news via certain media. Method of research is one to one interview followed by questionnaires, as well as additional oral questionnaires. Results of interview show that four of five interviewers usually check their nation’s news while do not check Britain’s domestic news. In addition, even theyRead MoreMedia s Influence On Media1014 Words   |  5 PagesThe way that diasporic audiences use media products to give them a connection to their country of origin has been a topic of research for many scholars. The increasing ability to stream content online allows people to keep the same routine in watching content and to watch content which they can relate to and see themselves reflected in, often unlike the content on in their new home country. Online news allows pe ople to keep up with current events and look out for events that may affect the ones theyRead MoreMedia Bias And The Media1042 Words   |  5 Pagesor the method for reporting them is termed as Media Bias. It is some of the time said that media tailor the news and as opposed to introducing the truths it shows different purposes of perspectives and sentiments. Media inclination is pervasive or broad and it defies the guidelines of news-casting. Media Bias is seen in just about all the nations on the planet and the bearing and level of its effect differs. Some of the time the impediments of media may likewise be translated as inclination. Such

Sample Extraction Technique Is Necessary For Various Other...

Mel cepstral feature extraction technique is required in some or the other form in most of the latest speech and speaker recognition system. Here, first samples of speech are splitted into overlapping frames. Generally the length of frame is 25 ms and frame rate is 10 ms. Each and every frames are refined by pre-emphasis filter which amplifies higher frequencies. Next is to apply windowing so that Fourier spectrum for each windowing frame is achieved here Hamming window is used. To obtain vector of log energy, Mel spaced bank of filter is used which varies from 20 to 40 depending upon the requirement of particular application. The output of which is converted to give cepstral coefficients using DCT. Initially for computing the feature vector, 12 coefficients are obtained along with one energy make its 13 cepstral coefficient. The extended MFCC consist of triple differentiation. 1St order differentiation is known as Delta coefficient is denoted by _D which has 13 delta cepstral coefficients. 2Nd order differentiation is known as Acceleration coefficient is denoted by _A having 13 delta delta coefficients. 3Rd order differentiation is known as Third order (Triple delta) coefficient is denoted by _T which again has 13 triple delta coefficients. Its is said that standard MFCC is given by 39 feature vector and extended is given by 52 standard vector [1]. When training and testing is performed in noisy environment, there is severe mismatch which also effects the features.Show MoreRelatedContemporary Issues in Management Accounting211377 Words   |  846 Pagesregistered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries Published in the United States by Oxford University Press Inc., New York ß Oxford University Press 2006 The moral rights of the author have been asserted Database right Oxford University Press (maker) First published 2006 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford UniversityRead MoreManaging Information Technology (7th Edition)239873 Words   |  960 PagesCONTENTS: CASE STUDIES CASE STUDY 1 Midsouth Chamber of Commerce (A): The Role of the Operating Manager in Information Systems CASE STUDY I-1 IMT Custom Machine Company, Inc.: Selection of an Information Technology Platform CASE STUDY I-2 VoIP2.biz, Inc.: Deciding on the Next Steps for a VoIP Supplier CASE STUDY I-3 The VoIP Adoption at Butler University CASE STUDY I-4 Supporting Mobile Health Clinics: The Children’s Health Fund of New York City CASE STUDY I-5

Development Of Early Childhood Development - 3413 Words

Early childhood development is such an intriguing aspect to research because this is really a point in life where children act without reasoning and logic skills. The actions and thinking patterns for two to six year olds is not wrong, it is just illogical and children these ages cannot perform while thinking about a larger perspective other than themselves; which also makes this so fascinating. In my research and observations, I focused on how children during this developmental stage act and not so much about the cognition and processing a child does to make them behave in these certain ways.The theories and ideas are steadily researched, but less rarely show examples ,that are representative of the population of children in early childhood that support the theories. Instead of exploring phenomena more deeply to reiterate and validate these theories of brain functioning and processing, such as Piaget’s preoperational thought theory, I will instead explore a few phenomena and theories to demonstrate what they are and how they apply to early childhood development using applicable personal experience including observations done myself and the observations of previously conducted research and face-to-face interviews to support these ideas. Throughout early childhood development, children experience many things that they do not really know how to interpret and rationalize. Isn’t this just the most adorable stage of development? Children s language skills and word use increase aShow MoreRelatedEarly Childhood : Childhood Development1494 Words   |  6 Pages Early childhood development Early childhood is the the time period when a child opens his eyes in the world and it continues upto the age of 8 years old (Masten et al. â€Å"NAME OF ARTICLE†)This is really the time in which the brain of the child starts growing and basis for the subsequences of development. Early childhood period starts at home the very first stages of life. Parents have a great role in childhood development. Then the second factor or place which has great effects on childhood developmentRead MoreChildhood Development : Early Childhood1782 Words   |  8 PagesEarly Childhood Development The human life is separated into multiple stages that reflect the different phases the mind and body go through. Early childhood is one of these stages and is perhaps the most important stage of all. During early childhood, the brain and body are growing, learning, developing, and adapting to the environment that they are placed in. These developments are fairly constant through human history and therefore, there have been many studies and observations done to betterRead MoreInfancy and Early Childhood Development1399 Words   |  6 PagesInfancy and Early Childhood Development Cynthia Miranda PSY 375 July 2, 2012 Dr. Aneta Bhojwani Infancy and Early Childhood Development Every human being begins developing in one way or another, from the moment they come into this world. Development and all its aspects begin in infancy and continue throughout one’s entire lifetime. It is a common belief that infants and young children are influenced by the environment that surrounds them. Cognitive and social aspects of development are shapedRead MoreEthics in Early Childhood Development1175 Words   |  5 PagesEthics in Early Childhood Development Early childhood development meant may be defined as the critical years of education for toddlers. During these years they become increasingly aware of their surrounds and the behavior. Children will adapt to the behaviors which are visual to them. During these years child absorb more information than the average adult over a 4 year span. This is because their sole purpose is to learn and grow. As parents, we have to be very aware of the surrounds and thingsRead MoreThe Early Childhood Development Of Australia1269 Words   |  6 Pagesyears the early childhood sector in Australia has undergone a number of legislative and organizational changes, which have impacted on the overall structure of service provision in Australia. Initiatives introduced by the federal government have changed the face of childcare from simple ‘child minding’ services, to full early childhood educational facilities, offering comprehensive age specific ‘high quality’ educational curri culum, which cover all ages and stages of early childhood development. HistoricallyRead MoreChildhood Education : Early Childhood Development Essay1304 Words   |  6 PagesThe career that I have chosen to learn about is Early Childhood Development . The reason why I choose this particular career is because I wanted some insight on what it will be like to work with children in the future. Also while working with childrens, it will help guide me to become a better teacher and as well as a mother to my kids. Therefore, Early Childhood Education gives me a platform to push for my educational changes. Furthermore, I will be spending quality time with a career professionalRead MoreDevelopment Of Infancy And Early Childhood1385 Words   |  6 PagesJessica Wilson Development in Infancy and Early Childhood Throughout the course of the human lifespan, the period of most rapid development extends through infancy and early childhood. The early stages of development that occur during this time set the stage upon which further and more specific aspects of development will occur. There are many different external and internal components which influence and guide development during this time. These components include the individual’s family, includingRead MoreEarly Childhood Education And Development853 Words   |  4 PagesDuring this class, we have discussed many topics from the importance of Early Childhood Education, through all of the developmental stages and into the roots of behavioral issues. I’d have to say out of all the topics, the importance of Early Childhood Education and how children develop and learn from week 2 is what has stuck out the most to me. I have even found myself explaining the importance to friends, with information I have learned from this course. For example, in a recent conversationRead MoreCognitive Development During Early Childhood Development1252 Words   |  6 PagesCognitive Development Children of involved fathers are also more likely to live in cognitively encouraging homes. Cognitive Development is a field of study in neuroscience and psychology, focusing on a children’s development in terms of information processing, conceptual resources, perceptual skill, language learning, and other aspects of brain development and cognitive psychology compared to an adult’s point of view(Schacter, Daniel L, 2009). Even a child’s cognitive development during early childhoodRead MoreEarly Childhood And Child Development928 Words   |  4 PagesAfter reading chapter 6 of the textbook, I have realized that children early years are severely important because they provide the foundation for the rest of their life, as adolescent, and as adult. Children that are well nurtured can live well and be sociable. Early childhood is the most rapid period of development in a human life. A child creates their own sense of identity. Indeed, it is important for a child to have a sense of identity. Although individual children develop at their pace, all

How Energy Crisis Is A Crisis Of Human Development Essay

1 Introduction: Energy production of any country is the measure of its economy. No country can achieve high economic growth without producing sufficient energy. Production of energy crisis is a Greek word which means ‘decisive moment’. Crisis is declared when something has gone to a level where an action must be taken to avoid complete disaster ‘Energy crisis, takes place due to several reasons some of which are: increasing price of oil,power wastage ,less dams,incompitancy of exploration sector, miss allocation of resourcesflects industrial output,transportation,agricultural output,etc.Electricity breakdown in Pakistan is alarming. When energy supply of an industry is restricted, its output decreases and cost of production available to human beings.Therefore,we can say that energy crisis is a crisis of human development. It is indeed a matter of life and death. The multidimensional ongoing energy crisis has been having a knock on the life of every Pakistani. Without energy the wh eel can’t run on roads, industry and agriculture can’t sustain, hospitals and operation theatres can’t function, schools and laboratories can’t work,public and private sector business cannot operate. Energy is the life blood of socities,provides a wide range of services essentials to everyday life, including heating,cooling,lighting,preserving of food, pumping fresh water, operating communication systems,internet and information portals and providing power for a wide range of appliances increasesShow MoreRelatedOil Crisis : An Essential Element Of Our Modern Community1390 Words   |  6 Pageshave got imported from the Middle East, in Arab countries. The oil crisis has led America on the road of not depending on other countries imported goods, and try to create their own with their own resources, this is one reason why America is the top economy country in this world. In American history, Americans recognize three oil crisis, or energy crisis, which hap pened in the years of 1973,1979, and 1990. The first oil crisis, which is in October 1973, begin with an announcement by the membersRead MoreThe Climate Crisis And Its Effects On The Environment1428 Words   |  6 PagesThe climate crisis is a defining struggle of our age bringing political, economic, religious, and environmental tensions and conflicts to surface. At this moment in history a great transitional worldview needs to take place, but is depressingly out of reach, and humankind seems woefully unprepared/interested to confront monumental challenges and change. The climate change crisis directly affects planetary boundaries, ecological cycles, and limitations on a domestic and international level. It isRead MoreAlternative Energy Resources and Human Dependence on Oil Essay1016 Words   |  5 PagesAlternative Energy Resources and Human Dependence on Oil Introduction The modern world is fuelled by oil (Youngquest, 1998). This reality has brought tremendous changes and developments that is continuously transforming the modern period, changing its lifestyles and economies in the last 200 years. However, these changes do not only paved for modernization and development, but it has also paved for the environmental crisis that the world is now facing (Bodley, 2008). Environmental crisis refers toRead MoreFacing The Energy Crisis During The Industrial Revolution857 Words   |  4 PagesFacing the Energy Crisis Since the industrial revolution began, humans have doubled their consumption rates almost every decade. The worlds natural resources have been on a steady decline for many years and a frequently asked question is â€Å"what’s next?†. Professor David MacKay explains how he thinks society can give answers to these questions of what is next after the natural resources dry up. MacKay is a professor of Natural Philosophy at the University of Cambridge, and chief Advisor of the U.KRead MoreAnnotated Bibliography1705 Words   |  7 Pagesprominent OD theorist (Burke, 1987, p. 54). The research shows that when employees are involved with the process or change within the workplace they are more receptive. Bareil, C. (2013). Two paradigms about resistance to change.  Organization Development Journal,  31(3), 59-71. In this article, it discusses the two apparently divergent paradigms: from the enemy of change (traditional paradigm) to a resource (modem paradigm). OD change practitioners are exposed to sequencing those two paradigmsRead MoreEssay on Hydrogen Fusion is the Future Source of Energy1692 Words   |  7 PagesHydrogen Fusion, the Future Source of Energy Abstract The world is currently in an energy crisis with no end in sight. Many technologies can help reduce our dependence on fossil fuels and have the possibility of ending the energy crisis. Hydrogen fusion holds great promise with its no pollution energy output. If more energy can be created than is used to start the fusion process, the energy crisis might become a thing of the past. Over half of the energy used now comes from fossil fuels,Read MoreThe Factors And Attempts Of Mitigation For This Crisis1665 Words   |  7 Pagesreaders to his contention – that America is in a water crisis, and for it to be rectified, or merely improved, drastic changes must be implemented to the nation’s water management, most importantly at a federal level. ‘Unquenchable’ looks into America’s most serious water crisis ever experienced through various case studies from states and cities across the country. Glennon discusses the causation factors and attempts of mitigation for this crisis, as well as providing his own suggestions of reformRead MoreThe On Fossil Fuels And The Amish1594 Words   |  7 PagesAs we continue to consume fossil fuels on a scale never seen in human history, we are faced with the nagging but not imminent question: what is going to happen when we run out? It’s the same question any addict asks themselves, and the way they respond can affect the rest of their life. I t is impossible to forget 2008: gasoline rose to nearly $4 a gallon, the stock market plummeted, millions lost their jobs, and Americans and foreigners alike responded in a way that only the fear of spending moreRead MoreThe Next Generation of Energy Essay1530 Words   |  7 PagesEnergy resource is the basic material of human activity. In a sense, human and social development is inseparable from the emergence of high-quality energy resources and advanced technologies. Energy resource are the source which can produce all kinds of energy such as heat, electricity, light and mechanical energy, etc. In nowadays, energy resource and the environment, are the major world issues that mankind should concern, since everything we use are made of or involved in consumption of naturalRead MoreIs Nuclear Energy Answer to the Energy Crisis by Albert You1571 Words   |  7 Pages(Albert) Is nuclear power the answer to the energy crisis? Submission Date: 29/8/2012 Required Length: 1250-1500 Actual Length: 1291 Introduction It is frequently said that nuclear energy is cheaper, safer and more efficient than fossil fuels, and without the effects on air pollution, so it is often seen as a solution to the energy crisis. In 2000, approximately a sixth of the global electricity power was provided by nuclear power. (Boyle, G et al 2003) However, over the last year, there has

GE Bildungsroman Free Essays

The first stepping stone in Pip’s coming of age is finding a place to belong. A quote that shows the fact that Pip did not know where his place was is when he says â€Å"l am ashamed to say it,† I returned, â€Å"and yet it’s no worse to say it than to think it. You call me a lucky fellow. We will write a custom essay sample on GE Bildungsroman or any similar topic only for you Order Now Of course, I am. I was a blacksmith’s boy but yesterday; I am-?what shall I say I am-?to-day? † (Dickens 196). Before Pip knows where he belongs he lives the dreaded life of a blacksmith. He knows what he wants, but he must grow to achieve his goals. An instance in which Pip shows that he has found where he belongs is when he says â€Å"As passed the church, felt†¦ Sublime compassion for the poor creatures who were destined to go there, Sunday after Sunday, all their lives through, and to lie obscurely at last among the low green mounds† (Dickens 139). This quote shows how much Pip despised his old small town life. At this point in the story, he seems to know what he wants, and has no intention Of living and dying in the same place. Another quote which shows that Pip comes of age by finding where he belongs is when he tells Estella ‘You have been in every prospect I have ever seen since – on the river, on the sails of the hips, on the marshes, in the clouds, in the light, in the darkness, in the wind, in the woods, in the sea, in the streets† (345). Pip, completely infatuated with Estella, has found his place physically in London, but mentally with Estella. No matter what he cannot stop loving Estella and is convinced that she is the one for him. Pip had to first find where he was destined to be to come of age. Once Pip finds where he belongs, he also figures out who he can depend on, which is another milestone in Pip’s coming of age. The first lifelong companion that Pip figures out he can depend on is Joe when he tells him â€Å"l sis it was only me that got put out, Pip; I wish there wasn’t no Tickler for you, old chap; I wish I could take it all on myself†¦ † (50). Through Joe?s comforting and caring words, Pip knows he can depend on him as not only a best friend but a father. Despite the abuse of Mrs.. Joe, he wants to do right by women, and more than anything else, he wants to protect Pip, in which Pip comes to realize and respect about him. Another person Pip learns he can depend on is Biddy, from which he says â€Å"She was not beautiful – she was common, and could not be like Estella ; but she was pleasant and wholesome ND sweet-tempered† (131). Although he will never love her in the way he loves Estella, Pip will always trust and depend on Biddy because of her patient behavior and her role in helping Pip with his education. Biddy is a constant in Pip’s life, a stable aspect in which he knows he can always depend on. Another person who Pip depends on throughout his coming of age is Miss Having when she says â€Å"You made your own snares. Never made them† (361 Pip can depend on Miss Having to be honest with him. Without the honesty from Miss Having, it would be harder for Pip to grow up. Once Pip learned whom he could depend on, those individuals helped him grow up and come of age. After learning who was most important in his life, another stepping stone in Pip’s coming of age was learning what is most important in life. A quote that shows the fact that Pip did not know what was actually important is when he says â€Å"l was to leave the village at five in the morning†¦ And I told Joe that was to walk all alone. I am afraid†¦ That this purpose originated in my sense of the contrast there would be between me and Joe, if we went to coach together (156). Pip was so concerned about his social status that he Was ashamed to be seen with Joe. Before Pip learns what is most important in life, he thinks it is his social status. A quote showing Pip’s transition into realizing the important aspects of life is when he thinks, â€Å"It was fine summer weather again, and, as I walked sunshine should be softened as they thought of me (260). In this thought, Pip is reminiscing on his childhood and with this develops a hope to be remembered after he is gone. Pip comes to realize in the back of his mind that he wants to be remembered or his personality, and not so much his status. Another quote in which Pip finally realizes what is most important is when he states â€Å"l washed the weather and the journey from my face and hands, and went out to the memorable old house that it would have been so much the better for me never to have entered, never to have seen† (270). Pip comes to the conclusion that he would’ve been better off if he had never entered the sati house or ever became infatuated with the idea of being wealthy. Pip opens his eyes to realize that the road to wealth and status never even mattered, and this is here he comes of age. How to cite GE Bildungsroman, Papers

Controlling Communicable Disease

Questions: 1.Description of the communicable disease (causes, symptoms, mode of transmission, complications, treatment) and the demographic of interest (mortality, morbidity, incidence, and prevalence). 2.Describe the determinants of health and explain how those factors contribute to the development of this disease. 3.Discuss the epidemiologic triangle as it relates to the communicable disease you have selected. Include the host factors, agent factors (presence or absence), and environmental factors. (The textbook describes each element of the epidemiologic triangle). 4.Explain the role of the community health nurse (case finding, reporting, data collecting, data analysis, and follow-up). 5.Identify at least one national agency or organization that addresses the communicable disease chosen and describe how the organization(s) contributes to resolving or reducing the impact of disease. Answer: 1. Introduction Healthcare service providers are highly concerned about the communicable infectious diseases. The unhealthy and indiscipline life style of modern human beings lead to several different kind of diseases, most of which are infectious and communicable through one person to another person. There are several communication diseases such as chicken pox, tuberculosis, hepatitis B, HIV etc. Among them HIV is the most critical diseases, which become the main headache of the health care service provides, because HIV is increasingly spreading in the society. HIV is mainly spreading by the means of risky sexual behaviour as well as unprotected sex; due to unprotected sex the HIV virus enter to the non-HIV person from the HIV person. This is a fatal disease, which destroy the immune system of the human beings. There are several determinants, which accelerate the growth of the diseases in our society, such social and cultural background, economic factor, which influences the peoples to perform this type of unruly, risky and unprotected sex and that are main cause of HIV. The community nurses play vital role in the treatment of the HIV, several organizations also put great emphasis in preventing as well as treatment of the HIV patients Description of the disease HIV causes one of the most critical diseases called AIDS or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.HIV is the abbreviation of human immunodeficiency virus. If once in life you have HIV, it will be with you for the rest of your life (Noah, N. 2006). It is a typical blood borne disease, which transmits during sexual intercourse, it also can occur during breast-feeding and during the birth process.HIV disease can occur if one has the infection with HIV 2 OR HIV 1They are both retrovirus and they belong to the Retroviridae family. Scientists believe that a kind of chimpanzee in the region of West Africa is the source of HIV in human. That is why according to the research it can be, said that HIV may have come from apes to human beings. There are no specific physical findings to HIV. Manifestations may include the following points. Generalized lymphadenopathy may be, referred as a presenting symptom and it is very common too. Flulike illness, malaise, generalized rash are the acute manifestations HIV virus destroys the cells of the human body. It destroys the immunities power of the body. 2. Description of the determinants Many factors can affect the health of communities and individuals. The factors such as genetics, locality, the state environment, relationships with family and friend and income and education levels all have substantial impact on health. The determinants of health are: The economic and social environment, The physical environment, The behaviour and characteristic of the individuals The health disparities in sexually transmitted diseases such as HIV/Aids are, linked to complex bend economic and social determinates. HIV can be, developed under various conditions, all around world with the consequent variations in the rate of transmission and mode of transmission. In the developed countries men who have sex with the men after that needle sharing the drug user is increasingly concentrated in marginalized and poor sectors of population. The structural and social intervention that focuses on the education, job security, housing, health services, social and income exclusion are addressed to the root cause of the HIV vulnerability. The physical environment can also leads to development of HIV is closely tied to the employment conditions. The people who have low level income can put them to higher risk of exposure to the contaminants that are harmful to the health. 3. Discuss epidemiologic triangle According to the epidemiologic triangle of Aids distinguishes the determinants into three levels, which includes individual, social and structural. The individual aspect can be, described based on the biologic, demographic and behavioural risk factor, which can influence the risk of transmission and progression of AIDS in the society. The social level in the epidemiologic process includes the essential pathways by which the society and system of network structures link individuals to society (Bennett, L., Searl, S. 1982). The system of network is at the centre of understanding the perceptive of diffusion and discrepancy division of HIV/AIDS in the residents of the subgroups. The structural factor mainly related to the social and economic factor of the population along with the established laws and policies in order to avoid issues related to this communicable disease. The Cultural context, social networks, neighbourhood effects and social capital are the important social level facto rs in HIV/AIDS epidemiology. There are five main categories of structural-level factors; they are legal structures, the policy environment, structural violence and discrimination, war and militarization and demographic change. Role of community nurse Collection of the data, case finding and analysis of the data related to the cause and prevention of HIV disease is very crucial for the nurses. There are certain principles followed in nursing for the treatment of HIV. The nurses should have the ability to identify the desired stage of illness of the disease. Proper data should be, collected related to the cause of the diseases. Complete analysis is very crucial and it should be, executed with the help of the doctors as well as the professionals of the health care centres. Appropriate methods should be, adopted by the nurses related to the finding of the cause of the disease. Nurses should execute their proper skills for the treatment of the patients. There should be proper food choice provided to the patients from the nurses as well as there should be proper washing of the hands of patients as it is a communicable disease. There should be proper preventive measures guided from the nurses to the patients relating to the spraying of this disease. Analysis of the data helps in proper identification of the disease and helps to provide proper solution to the disease (Hawker, J. 2005). 4. Organization that address the communicable disease CDC helps in providing perfect resolution for the prevention of the HIV disease. The organization implements advanced technical methods in the prevention of this disease. First of all the organization identifies the occurring of this disease. Then it implements various methods of effective treatment and provides proper guidance to the patients related to the food choice and proper washing of the hands. These methods help in not spraying of the disease to the other people. It provides resolution to the patients related to HIV meditations, prevention programs and provides guidance related to high risk of the disease. Screening as well as treatment of the disease HIV plays a vital role in curing of this particular disease. Conclusion HIV, Human Immunodeficiency Virus is the virus that affects a human being to suffer from AIDS, Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. In this disease the symptom worsens as the infection increases. HIV affecting the person in the fluids of the body causing the disease to spread from one person to another as the person comes in contract through passing the blood or through sexual contact. The social determinant of the disease is huge as this disease is not accepted in the society. There are activities conducted by NGOs providing knowledge about the disease and ways the patients should be, treated. Even the discrimination between different classes or sections of society effects the treatment of the disease. This disease is infectious bringing the triangle or the three corners as; Agent, Host and Environment. The Epidemiologic Triangle should be broken in order to stop the continuation of the disease. The roles of the community nurses are to spread awareness of the disease in the family members, friends and the community. References Noah, N. (2006). Controlling communicable disease. Maidenhead, England: Open University Press.Hawker, J. (2005). Communicable disease control handbook (2nd ed.). Malden, Mass.: Blackwell Pub.Bennett, L., Searl, S. (1982). Communicable disease handbook. New York: Wiley.

Porters Five Forces free essay sample

In the future| Can substitute products really do the job that current products do? (is it a true substitute in every aspect? )- Likelihood of current buyers switching if given a viable alternative. Switching cost incurred by buyer| Bargaining Power of Buyers| Strength of the negotiating power of the buyers of the firm’s or industry’s output, and what is the impact of the distribution of the value-added by the industry? | Bargaining Leverage: Relates closely to factors affecting the other forces. Low switching costs and readily avail. Sub. Give the buyers leverage and help to strength this force for buyers- Buyer’s Price Sensitivity: Depend on qualitative factors such as, brand, product differences, quality and performance. Also, quantitative such as price relative to total purchases and profitability| Bargaining Power of Suppliers| Strength of negotiating position of supplier of production inputs to the industry. What is the impact of the distribution of the value-added- Stronger the bargaining power, greater ability to increase share of the value-added in the form of higher prices or the inputs they sell to the industry| Differentiation of inputs that are acceptable to the industry- Presence of substitute inputs closely related to the differentiation of input- Supplier concentration (a lot of suppliers? )- Importance of volume to supplier. We will write a custom essay sample on Porters Five Forces or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The more volume req. by seller, the harder they will work to maintain this volume and the lower their bargaining power. Threat of forward integration means that supplier may be interested in entering the industry. Greater switching cost, greater the supplier power. Rivalry Among Existing Competitors| Will existing firms compete away the value added component through lower prices and higher costs to compete? | No. of competitors (more, greater rivalry)- Industry growth implies demand for the product is strong, and the need to engage in competition, both price and on-price, is reduced- High degree of operating or financial leverage makes it more likely participants will engage in price competition (or respond to such competition) to defend their market share and cover fixed costs. Greater the participant’s commitment to business, the greater likelihood of competitive behavior- Product differences- Product shelf life (shorter shelf life, greater potential for price competition)- The existence of the exit barriers, costly to leave industry, which will mean greater competition- Amount of info comp lexity can make it difficult for competitors to communicate discretely in ways that can reduce the likelihood of damaging competition| Temporary Factors that may affect an industry, but do not determine industry profitability an structure in the LT: * This factors only affect the Porters 5 forces, therefore analyze how they affect the 5 forces. Temporary Factors| Description| Industry Growth Rate| High g diminishes rivalry but does not assure profitability if other forces are detrimental to profits| Innovation and Technology| Improved tech does not improve profits if it attracts competitors- Low tech industries can be very profitable if the overall effect of the five forces is positive| Government Policies| Can be good or bad. Prone to change through time| Complementary Products| Can have +’ve or –â€Å"ve effect- Can create or increase barriers to entry and reduce the threat of substitutes, while others can increase industry rivalry to serve the demand generated by purchase of complement| 3 Strategies that Firms can Employ to use Five Forces in its Favor 1. Altering the Firm’s Existing Position Managers should attempt to intentionally create changes in Porter’s Five Forces by reducing: * Customer Power – increase service or bypassing the middleman and sell directly to end users * Supplier Power – use standar d parts that can be sourced from many vendors or outsource labor to more favorable markets * Substitutes – make product more widely avail. Or enhance product features * Threat of Entry – raise barriers to entry by raising fixed costs through increased RD or mechanization * Rivalry – avoid price wars and focus on differentiating products and finding or creating new market niches and geographic segments 2. Capitalizing on Changes in the Industry * These type of change are opportunities to firms that are positioned to capitalized on them * Forward or backward integration External forces such as improvement ot substitutes * Sudden dramatic change 3. Creating Changes in the Industry Structure * Firm can move entire industry in directions that improve industry attractiveness by enhancing industry value-added overall (eliminate inefficiencies in the supply chain or distribution network) * Can move industry in directions that play to its strength and enhance its competi tive advantage (create barriers to entry by raising fixed cost and increase econ. of scale) * Can’t engage in practice that improve short term competitive e position at the cost of long term industry attractiveness (price discounting) Porters Five Forces free essay sample Porters five forces model is an outline for the market analysis and business strategy development, it includes five forces that decide the competitive power and attractiveness of a market which in turn affect profitability. However the pure competition model implies that risk adjusted rates of return should be constant across firms and industries while different economic studies have opposed the model going on to state that different firms can have varying profitability levels from one given time to another. Henry E Porter, a havard lecturer and economist was among those who opposed the model and through numerous studies, he came up with the notion that in a particular industry various forces, specifically five, affect a firm’s capability to serve its consumers and make profit. A change in any of the forces make a business unit to re-assess the marketplace. Tough industry may look attractive to start a business, it does not mean that every company in the industry will earn the same profitability. We will write a custom essay sample on Porters five forces or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Some business may have better market place and earn higher profit whilst another business in the same industry may end up at break even point. To overcome this an organization must apply their core competencies, business model or network to achieve a profit over the other competitors. This model of Porters five forces include threat of existing rivals, threat of new entrants, threat of substitutes, bargaining power of suppliers and the bargaining power of customers or buyers. Porters Five Forces Analysis shows that there are five important elements that verify competitive control in a business location and market attractiveness. Organisation Amaya Resorts Spa brings guests authentic Sri Lankan experiences. Architecture, arts, music, dance, cuisine – Amaya incorporates each aspect of local culture into its retreats. Amaya Resorts Spas is a subsidiary of Connaissance Holdings. Under Amaya Resorts Spa they have three hotels. Amaya Lake, Amya Hills and Amaya Reef Hotel locate at three deferent locations. In this assignment I have chosen Amaya Lake hotel at Dambulla to study and apply Porter’s five forces model. Porter’s 5-Forces 1 Threat of New Entrants Demand for Restaurants, Guest Houses and motels are still under the spot light. Yet majority of large chain hotels have established their authority with operating efficiency, and key marketing-mix outflow. This influential force has an immense impact on the small ordinary Hotels, Restaurants, bakers, Guest Houses and motels etc. Therefore, it possesses a tough obstacle for new companies who wish to enter in to the hospitality industry. For instance, it becomes rather complicated for new competitors to raise adequate resources and establish extremely developed service. This is also evident in vast investments done by large chains like Amaya Resorts Spa, on advanced technology for check-ins, checkouts and stock control systems that blow new competitors and the existing ones. Amya Lake has overcome threat of new entrance with their insistent operational strategies in product development, promotional activity and better service. Threat of new entrants for Amaya Lake – Up coming Restaurants, Bars, clubs, guest Houses, boutique hotels, ect†¦. 2 Bar gaining Power of Suppliers This force stands for the control of suppliers towards hotels. Suppliers can be the holy owners of the decision making in terms of price. Yet that can be influenced by foremost hotel chains. By creating fear of losing their business to other suppliers’ hotels can still have the control over them. By having number of suppliers as an option and also by bargain improved promotional prices that small individual hotels are unable to compete will enable the control over the suppliers. On the other hand suppliers are also vulnerable by the rising capacity of large hotels to resource their supplies from overseas at better deals. At Amaya Lake they have well controlled the supplier power choosing many numbers of suppliers using their growing ability in hotel industry and as well as having and strong and better relationship with the other suppliers. Suppliers of Amaya Lake – Most vegetables and fruits are harvested in their own garden, apart from that  they have chain of suppli ers to supply other main materials. 3 Bargaining Power of Customers Porter said that more the service become uniformed consumers find many options to chose, hence more power is given to buyers. If a hotel does not identify customers need and break the informality of the service, retaining customers will become bit of a hard task. At this point Amya Lakes famous loyalty card remains the most successful customer maintenance strategy that drastically increases the profitability of there business, also by taking care of customer needs, providing customized service, ensuring low prices, implementing better choices, adding value additions, having constant promotions they have attract many numbers of customers under their wing. This has contributed to retain their customer base over the period of time. Ecologically kind and ethically sound food and beverage products makes customers more glued to Amya Lake than the competitors in the market. Customers of Amaya Lake – mostly the leisure market have been targeted by Amaya Lake, and by maintaining a bett er customer relationship portfolio they kind of have their own market segment. Since customers mostly get their desired experience at Amaya Lake they prefer to stay with them. 4 Threats of Substitutes Substitution is having other Medias to full fill once needs. For example in-house guest who wants to enjoy a meal have many choices. One is going to hotel restaurant and have the meal or order room service and have meals or go to an out side restaurant and have his meal. Having third option chosen reduces the demand, as there is a threat of consumers switching to the choices .In the hospitality industry this can be seen in the form of service-for-service or the substitute of need, and this takes place by new developments such as the way small hotels, restaurants, bars, clubs ect†¦ this happens in a way of convenience, tailor maidens, easy access and proper customer care ect†¦. Amya Lake has overcome this by adding few value additions such as Bar, Restaurants, Gym, and Spots complex, DJ club for residents and non residence for affordable price with better service. Substitutes to Amaya Lake – Restaurants, motels, sports centers, bars , ect 5 Threats of Existing Rivals Traditional economics model illustrate perfect competition as a result of competition among rival firms. Today however, competition is more of a driver towards competitive edge rather perfect competition. Generaly, the concentration ratio (CR) is at most used as a measure of rivalry intensity in a given industry by the use of industry concentration as an indicator whereby, a high CR indicates a large percentage of the market share is held by the largest firms in the industry thus a less competitive landscape and a low CR indicates a presence of a very fragmented market with many rivals none of them with any significant market share leading to a very competitive landscape. Still, an industry’s trend analysis doesn’t only rely on marketshare but can also be defined in a way that it portrays additional information vapart from the use of concentration ratio. A lower rivary among firms in a given industry is ussualy a sign of discipline within the industry, this harmonious environment may be a result of an informal compliance of certain generally understood code of conduct or simply the role played by the leading firm. Any competitive moves are informally constrained but a maverick firm may rise to the occasion and shift the given harmonious market into a different direction, likely competitive. On the other hand when a rival acts in a way that calls for counter responsive acts from other firms then rivalry intensifies in an aggressive manner, this aggressiveness can be distinguished as weak, moderate, intense or cutthroat (guerilla) depending on the responsiveness. Rivarly scenario in the beverage industry In the beverage (soft-drinks) industry competition intensifies whenever; Presence of a number of firms though Pepsi is a key player in the industry the company has to compete for market share among others to ensure maintainance and growth of its share. With high fixed costs involved in the industry, PepsiCo is not exception to the fact that production is at almost capacity thus major emphasis to product movement and target attainment which works up-down on the organizational structure to ensure competitive edge at market place over rivals. High market growth for soft drinks is also a factor that intensifies the industry’s competition. Low switching costs for customers are another cause for intense reivarly in the industry as its as  easy as the alphabet for a customer or consumer to switch from pepsi to Azam cola or a Coke thus Pepsi stays focused to quality control and assurance. Switching as a result of product differentiation being at low levels in the industry, in turn calls for branding efforts as the recent pairing with Beyonce, a worldwide mega artist for it’s advertising campaign from late last year up to date. The industry is permanently characterized by high exit barriers due to the extensively specialized nature of its investment, its not as easy to leave since abandonment of the product costs as much as acquiring it thus competiton is intense and need for creativity at reaching competitive edge. The growing market as an advantage but an influencing force for intense rivalry in the industry, 90% of the young population Pepsi on pursuing an advantage over its rivals in the industry has been able to make various competitive moves as; Changing prices Improving product differentiation Creative use of distribution channels Exploiting supplier relationships Having many competitors in the market for the same industry which provides uniformly neat service make little control over the condition, where suppliers and buyers have the power to choice with whom they need to deal with, if they do not get a good deal. On the other hand, if only you provide one particular service and no one can do what you do, then you can often have a wonderful force over suppliers and buyers which leads them to have no choice but to retain with you. Hospitality trade has seen a considerable growth in the size and market power of the larger groups and small groups, with greater size it may attract reasonable number of guest who are utilizing range of value additions, which are now important characteristics of the segment. Yet some guest prefers small or mid size hotels with more privacy, affordable and more religious, as it was mentioned above, the power of choosing the place where a guest might want to go depends on competition among the industry. At Amaya Lake targeted customers mostly tend to choose them, since they have different room categories at different locations, and guests have choices of there own. Operating in an established market makes  growth hard mainly because of the competition among businesses. And on the hand highly competitive market has speed up level of growth, ensuing in a circumstances in which hospitality sector may have to be innovative to maintain and build market share. Such innovation can be seen in the development of a variety of operating systems, in reaction to alter in consumer behavior. Market leaders have reacted by focusing on service, price and value additions. Amaya Lake is one of the chain hotels having its own customers in the market with other competitors by providing better service and value additions to its customers. . Competitors of Amaya Lake Sorrowwa Resorts Spa, Gimanhala Hotel, Chaya Village, Heritance Kandalama Hotel, Thilanka Hotel Additional theories Porters Diamond of National Advantage Theory, In this theory Porter highlighted that comparative advantage inhabit in the factor donation that a nation may be lucky enough to inherit. Factor aids contain property, natural resources, labor, and the size of the local residents. Michael E. Porter said that a nation can generate new highly developed factor contributions such as technology, skilled labor and knowledge base, government support, and culture. Porter implement a diamond shaped map as the foundation of a structure to demonstrate the determinants of national advantage. This diamond stands for the national playing field that countries set up for their trades. Porters Diamond of National Advantage Frame work Four components of the diamond framework have an effect on national comparative advantage. Those components are, The accessibility of resources and skills,  Information to decide which prospects to follow with those skills and resources, The goals of individuals in business,  The force on businesses to innovate and invest.  Components of the diamond frame work are explains as follows. I. Factor Conditions  A nation generates its own significant aspects such as technological support and skilled resources. The reserve of factors at a given time is less  significant than the extent that they are improved and deployed. Local shortcomings in factors of production force improvement. Unfavorable circumstances such as labor shortages or limited resources force firms to develop new methods, and this improvement leads to a national comparative advantage. II. Demand Conditions When the marketplace for a particular product is better in locally than in overseas markets, the local firms dedicate more concentration on that particular product than foreign firms, this will lead to a competitive advantage when that product start to export. Challenging local market leads to national advantage. A strong local market assist local firms look forward to global markets. III. Related and Supporting Industries When local businesses are aggressive, industry has the benefit of more cost effective and innovative contributions. This effect make stronger when the suppliers are strong with international competitors. IV. Firm Strategy, Structure, and Rivalry Local circumstances influence the strategy. For example, some businesses have a tendency to be hierarchical. Some companies tend to be smaller and are run more like extended families. Such strategy and structure helps to decide which types of industries are good in nation. Porters Five Forces model says, at the beginning of an industry little rivalry makes an industry striking. Though at time an industry prefers a smaller amount of rivalry, in the long run more rivalry is good since it build weight on a business to be more creative and become more advance. And also, the more local rivalry a nation has less global rivalry will enter in to the market. Local rivalry pushes business to move beyond fundamental advantages that the country can enjoy, such as low costs. Hunt Strategic group Analysis Theory, A strategic group is a concept used in strategic management for businesses within an industry that have related business models. For example, a hotel can be categories based on the room types such as standard, deluxe or suits and based on the value added facilities, eco type hotels, colonial type  hotels or modern architectural hotels. They all under one industry. Strategy is the path and capacity of an organization over the period of time to achieve rewards for the business while directing how the business will make money. Hunt (1972) invented the phrase strategic group while carrying out a study of the appliance industry, later on he revealed a higher amount of competitive rivalry than expected by the industry. He recognized this as existence of subgroups within the industry that compete along different proportions. These unbalanced strategic groups root the industry to have more fast innovation, higher quality, lower prices and lower profitability than customary economic models would forecast. Conclusion In a fast changing business atmosphere with high competition businesses have to adopt new expansion strategies and diversified the existing business in order to maintain its primary market place in an already established hotel sector. Amaya Lake has continuously adapted to the fast changing conditions. Strategy formulation has been observed as a practice of continuous learning, which contains learning about the goals, effects of trials towards these goals and how to put into practice and carry out these trials. The excellence of an invented strategy and the speed of its completion will therefore directly depend on the quality of Amaya Lakes behavioral learning processes. In large organizations like Amaya Lake, strategy should be analyzed and applied at different levels within the industry. These different levels of strategy should be related and mutually supporting one another. Amaya Lakes strategy at corporate level defines the businesses in which Amya Lake will battle, by which it focus resources to convert distinctive competence into competitive advantage. Porters Five Forces free essay sample Porter’s Five Forces which categories into 5 segments, is a modern competitive strategy to look at the larger value system of activities and actors in order to evaluate the potential of an industry and understand the effective competitive strategies. Suppliers and Buyers, and not only direct competitors, affect both how much value is created and who gets the share of the value created by the value system. Potential Entrants Unilever faces low threat of new entries since the market has been more or less gained Economies of Scale with a few of the big companies like PG, Kraft and Nestle. Wtih such barriers to entry, it makes new comers coming into the industry very difficult in terms of survival. High product differentiation enables Unilever to command a price premium while deterring new entrants since their customers recognized their brand names whereas start-up entrants are relatively unknown. Such industry is also capital intensive, requiring big amount of capital to operate. We will write a custom essay sample on Porters Five Forces or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Being capital intensive and existing high switching costs acts as the barriers to exit. Bargaining Power of Buyer With intensive rivalry for market share within the big companies within the industry, buyers had gained significant power in deciding which products of which company to choose from. Switching costs are low for buyers since they can easily find substitutes easily, for example a consumer can switch from using Persil Capsules to Ariel Liqui-Tabs (both are liquid detergent in the form of capsules, having Persil manufactured by Unilever and the later by PG.. Buyers incurred low costs in switching suppliers since they hold more power over them. Bargaining Power of Suppliers Unilever has a low supplier power since it has been believed that a brand manufactured by whichever company does not make a difference and it should not make a difference, because the retailer has to take a decision with regards what is best for their shopper and having brands on the shelves that do not sell does not do anything for the shopper, no matter who manufactured the product. Since, their business to business customers at the same time still preserve supplier-customer relationship; they too have powers over Unilever in deciding which products they choose to be placed on their shelves. Power of Substitutes With intense competition within the fast moving consumer goods industry by the few big companies, especially PG, with regards to Unilever’s Home Care and Oral Care products; substitution power of the consumers have increased tremendously. Although by having product differentiation has created chances for suppliers to command premium pricing, there may be a point where they would hit a saturation point whereby growth will slow down and branding becomes arguably the leading form of product differentiation. With the modern market flooded by all sorts of brands for both Home Care and Oral Care products, substitution is made common among consumers when they take pricing versus quality into consideration. At times in recession, price may make a bigger impact in consumer’s choice. Power of Other Stakeholders With the recent Melamine contamination case, health and food authorities all over the world has taken a stamp in reducing such health pact on its population by increasing their attention in checks on both Oral Care and Home Care products, even though they are not consumable products. Unilever is also accountable to the shareholders in maintaining a social responsible image. Higher restrictions from government bodies may mean higher cost of production in certain products which may require higher quality ingredients. More stringent checks may also mean a delay in shipments towards delivery schedules which results in customers dissatisfaction or shelf replacement lead time. Rivalry Among Existing Competitors Unilever is operating within the Fast Moving Consumer Goods industry which is mainly operated by a few large companies like Procter Gamble (PG), Kraft and Nestle. Zooming into just Home Care and Oral Care products, there is a fierce rivalry between Procter Gamble and Unilever. Both companies needed to compete against each other for a bigger piece of pie within the market.